The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne - 619 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s (1804-1864) â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† (1836), shows that a person’s harmless intentions can cause so much chaos to others. This short story is a parable with secrets, dark areas, and symbols. This story is mainly about Mr. Hooper who is the Reverend of the little town Milford. Reverend Hooper shows up to church one day with a mysterious black veil over his face, making quite a problem. Even forgetting the Omniscient can detect them, Hooper says preaching a sermon on secret sin and the things people hide in their heart. Once church is over the townspeople instantly begin gossiping about the reverend. Some of the people say that he has gone mad, but many others believe he is trying to cover up his own secret sin. Hooper continued being himself; the black veil did not change his personality. He would greet the children and townspeople, but they would always give him weird looks and avoid him. Hooper shows up in 2 more big ceremon ies throughout the story. First was at a funeral when everyone there continues to talk badly about him. After the funeral he attends a wedding, which makes the event go from happy to dark. Hooper makes a toast to the couple that was just married. When giving the toast he catches a glimpse of himself in his wine glass and he is terrified of his own reflection. He then spills the wine over himself and leaves the building. His wife, Elizabeth, tries to figure out the mystery of why her husband is wearing the veil. But HooperShow MoreRelatedThe Ministers Black Veil By Nathaniel Hawthorne1846 Words   |  8 Pagesmaterial is â€Å" The Ministers Black Veil†, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In the text Mr. Hooper is a preacher who is engaged to Elizabeth and has recently started hiding his face behind a black veil. The townspeople begin to think he’s gone mad. He is very loving and caring, but known as living his life without much worries and being a sinful man. While weari ng the veil, he preaches and then is buried in it. Before he dies the only person who is not afraid to question Mr. Hooper about the veil is his fiancà ©Read More`` The Minister s Black Veil `` By Nathaniel Hawthorne2223 Words   |  9 Pagesthemselves in a variety of ways. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†, this idea of the constant struggle between good and evil is brought to the surface primarily through the characters of Rev. Hooper, Elizabeth, Hooper’s fiancà ©, Goodman Grey, Rev. Clark, and the townspeople. The story opens with the sexton tolling the bell, summoning the townspeople to the church for their weekly sermon. Astonished at the sight of Reverend Hooper’s black veil, whispers and fear sweep through theRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Minister s Black Veil1557 Words   |  7 Pagesstories always either have a moral or a symbol of something. In the small story of The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathani el Hawthorne he uses symbols, characteristics, he uses mystery. Nathaniel was born in 1804 in Salem Massachusetts and died in 1864 in Plymouth New Hampshire. Nathaniel was a very hardworking man he put a â€Å"w† in his name because he wanted to distance himself from his ancestors. Nathaniel would move a lot from Concord to Salem from Salem to some other city then to England, after England†¦Read MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Minister s Black Veil876 Words   |  4 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† mystery plays a huge role when it comes to plot, and character development. At the end of this story the minister who is wearing the veil rhetorically asks, â€Å"What but the mystery which it obscurely typifies has made this piece of crape so awful?† (Hawthorne 1044). Hawthorne has built up this character so carefully and intensely to this point, to quite directly state that this veil on his face represents mystery. Th e minister also begs the questionRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Minister s Black Veil1975 Words   |  8 Pagesrealistic plot lines, morbid language, and many emotional torments. Nathaniel Hawthorne is well known for his contributions to this nineteenth century style. His works â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Ministers Black Veil† offer insight to the evil and dark sides of life that are lurking inside every human being and society. This evil is often formatted into the theme of sin, with much variation to each work. Whether Hawthorne describes selfishness, obsession, or even passion, the concealing ofRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter And The Ministers Black Veil1146 Words   |  5 PagesPamela Hernandez Honors American literature West 15 October 2015 Nathaniel Hawthorne Utilization of Symbolism Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of both stories The Scarlet Letter and â€Å"The Ministers Black Veil† utilizes symbols to show the lasting impact it leaves on the individual and in the community around them. In The Scarlet Letter and â€Å"The Ministers Black Veil† both main characters Hester Prynne and Reverend Mr. Hopper both have symbols in which both are of great significance. Hester’s symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Minister s Black Veil 954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson, as both authors profess that a person who has realized their ideal self has grown to possess an education and is willing to sacrifice worldly pleasures for the sake of progress. The first similar major theme in the works of these men is the need for education to reach a higher form of self. Though each man has a different definition for education, the core theme is the same. Nathaniel Hawthorne, in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† provides anRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Minister s Black Veil 2532 Words   |  11 Pages If any single quality dominates the fiction of Nathaniel Hawthorne, it is a consistent fascination with the idea of human sin. This is explored and expressed in a wide variety of ways by him; a novel like The Scarlet Letter treats sin as more of a failing demanding understanding, while The House of the Seven Gables is a more complex treatment of sin, guilt, and redemption. So too do Hawthorne s short stories vary in how they address sin, but it remains clear that it is the core element of themRead MoreEmotional Guilt in Nathaniel Hawthorne ´s The Minister ´s Black Veil1418 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes The Minister’s Black Veil is a story of guilt, humility, sin, hypocrisy, love, compounded emotional stability and trials of life. It is a work of gothic literary art that describes the complexity of emotions and the psychological give and take that takes place when processing and dealing with any human emotion. The gothic writing style Hawthorne uses in The Ministers Black Veil makes it easy for him to focus on one main emotion: guilt. Hawthorne is no stranger to guilt, a hugeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown And The Minister s Black Veil Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804 (Belasco). Hawthorne’s ancestry relates all the way back to the witch trials that took place in Salem during 1692 and 1693; his ancestor John Hathorne, was one of the three judges during the trials (Nathaniel Hawthorne). After Hawthorne graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825, he moved back to Salem and lived with his mother while he worked on his writing for the next twelve years (Belasco). During this time, he changed his last

Essay on Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America

Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into peoples minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into peoples minds and leave a lasting impression. Though obviously people are aware of what they are listening to or watching, thoughts and assumptions can drift into their minds without even realizing it. These thoughts that drift in are extremely influential. The massive impact†¦show more content†¦The mentally ill were cared for at home by their families until the state recognized that it was a problem that was not going to go away. In response, the state built asylums. These asylums were horrendous; people were chained in basements and treated with cruelty. Thou gh it was the asylums that were to blame for the inhumane treatment of the patients, it was perceived that the mentally ill were untamed crazy beasts that needed to be isolated and dealt with accordingly. In the opinion of the average citizen, the mentally ill only had themselves to blame (Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health, 1999). Unfortunately, that view has haunted society and left a lasting impression on the minds of Americans. In the era of moral treatment, that view was repetitively attempted to be altered. Asylums became mental hospitals in hope of driving away the stigma yet nothing really changed. They still were built for the untreatable chronic patients and due to the extensive stay and seemingly failed treatments of many of the patients, the rest of the society believed that once you went away, you were gone for good. Then the era of mental hygiene began late in the nineteenth century. This combined new concepts of public health, scientific medicine, and so cial awareness. Yet despite these advancements, another change had to be made. The era was called community mental health andShow MoreRelatedMedia Portrayal of Mental Illness in America4048 Words   |  17 PagesMedia Portrayal of Mental Illness in America The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into peoples minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into peoples minds and leave a lastingRead MoreThe Media And Federal Government1619 Words   |  7 Pages Mental and Social Disorder One in every seventeen people in America suffers from a mental disorder. These disorders inhibit the afflicted person from functioning properly and coping normally with daily life. Many afflicted with a psychological disorder do not exhibit obvious symptoms, as medical advancements have made it possible for these disorders to be suppressed or even nonexistent. Today, however, harsh stigmas exist that unfairly categorize those with a mental illness as violent, unfriendlyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Stigma1363 Words   |  6 PagesMental Illness and Its Stigma â€Å"One in five adults in America experience mental illness,† (Mental Health, n.d., para 1). Many people define mental illness as a characteristic that makes one irrational or delusional and derives a belief that those who have mental disorders are not suffering from a real disease, resulting in a negative view of those who suffer. There are three ways to defy this stigma that everyone, from media producers to the sufferers themselves, must participate in to break downRead MoreKiller Of Sheep And Harmony Korine s Gummo1423 Words   |  6 PagesMany popular mainstream movies have the story of the â€Å"underdog,† someone who overcomes all odds to be successful. People love to see the underdog succeed and achieve their dream. However, this is not a very realistic portrayal, as million of people across America live in small, dead end towns that are almost impossible to escape. In independent cinemas, the representation of people in small towns is more realistic because they lack a plot, use non actors and actual towns, and use objective shotsRead MoreReducing Mental Health Stigmas1195 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Mental Health Stigmas According to the National Alliance of Mental Health, 1 in 5 adults in the United States of America experience mental illness in a given year (NAMI, 2017). Out of those adults, not all will seek out mental health services. If there are services in the community being offered, why are the services not utilized more often by these individuals? There may be many barriers that preventRead More Mental and Social Disorder Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesseventeen people in America suffers from a mental disorder. These disorders inhibit the afflicted person from functioning properly and coping normally with daily life. Many afflicted with a psychological disorder do not exhibit obvious symptoms, as medical advancements have made it possible for these disorders to be suppressed or even nonexistent. Today, however, harsh stigmas exist that unfairly categorize those with a mental illness as violent, unfriendly, and abnormal. The media and federal governmentRead MoreGender Demographic Group Of The Media1382 Words   |  6 PagesEssay People in America tend to view media as an all-knowing, reliable source of information that affects their very lives. It’s no wonder that any form of demographic portrayal put in the media is automatically consumed by thousands of people every single day. This makes the mass media an important component in the society’s perception of many demographic groups. One of the most common demographic group thrown into the media is the LGBTQ. This organization was brought to America in 1988, howeverRead MoreDepression, Anxiety, Disordered Thinking1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking; These grave, frightening topics have become all common in today’s world as the knowledge, reveal and frequency of cases of mental illness continue to rise {8}. The prevalence of mental illness has become more common than in any era before, but despite the increase of awareness the mark of shame has not ceased to exist {1}. In today’s society the number of mental illness cases has in creased and will continue to increase However, stigma – the mark of shame – prevails and hampers the ability for theRead MoreHow the Media has Influenced Peoples Thoughts on homosexuality1410 Words   |  6 PagesEscaping the vast amounts of theories, viewpoints, and well written slants of the media is almost impossible for the common American citizens. America’s perceptions of the entire demographic has the capability of significant influence due broadcasts of various sorts. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community, or commonly referred to as LBGT, has been a core group fear, scrutiny, and confusion within the reports of varied mediums of exposure since as early as the 1950s. The highly convincingRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesor older, live with mental illness. This number represents 18.1% of all U.S. adults (National Institute of Mental Health, 2014). Stigma toward those who are seen as different have exis ted for as long as civilization itself, with the stigma for mental illness being one of the most prominent and long lasting that society has had to face throughout its ages (Arboleda-Florez Stuart, 2012). Increased understanding and awareness for those individuals suffering from mental illness is necessary for us

Business Of Financial Modeling Fundamental -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Of Financial Modeling Fundamental? Answer: Introducation Decision - making is a part of our daily lives. For any human - being, its a daily activity and there is no exception to that. For a business entity, decision making is a habit and a process as well. A 'decision' is referred to as the course of action chosen among a set of alternative actions so as to achieve the organizational goals. Decision making is an ongoing process and indispensable component for management of organizational activities (Berman, Knight and Case, n.d.). Corporate decision making takes place at various levels of the entity and can either be top-down or bottom-up. The top down decisions are made by the top management and the decisions are passed on down the corporate ladder for the implementation purpose. On the other hand, the bottom up decisions are taken by the middle line managers based on the conditions circumstances existing in the internal environment of the firm. What is always noticed is that the top level decisions are related to policies, strategies, focus directions while bottom level decisions are related to day-to-day operations. The middle management is often referred to as the 'sandwich' layer because they are responsible for implementing the decisions made and have to accordingly decide the process of running their teams as well as communicate it to the lower level workers. The point to he stated over here is that in any process of corporate decisions, the critical role is being played by the actual implementors since even the best profitable plan can lead a firm nowhere if there is no commitment from the middle management (Bruner, Eades and Schill, 2017). Hence, alot of organizations organize off site meetings at resorts or hotels and briefs the management about the decisions taken and the impact of such decisions on the organization. Corporate decision making is successful as long as there is a glue to keep the organization together in the form of encouraged leaders or an organizational culture that values stability and coherence. Once any of these conditions are lost, the firm falls in its own trap and this leads to loss of competitiveness of the company (TULSIAN, 2016). Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is the process by which the business analyzes the large amount of investments expenses that are large enough to affect an organization's future. Usually, these investments include projects such as building a new plant or purchase of heavy machinery. In this case, a project's cash inflows outflows are being assessed so as to determine whether the returns that are being generated meet the required benchmark or not. This is also known as 'Investment Appraisal'. For a business, it is advantageous to take up all the opportunities projects but due to the limitation of capital at that point of time, capital budgeting techniques are being used so as to analyze the maximum returns from all the avaliable projects at that point of time and thereby, choosing the best course of finance. Various tools of capital budgeting involves NPV, IRR, discounted payback period, etc (Clarke and Clarke, 1990). Example on NPV and IRR Year A B 0 -80000 -80000 1 20000 - 2 24000 - 3 20000 - 4 27000 65000 5 30000 75000 Required rate of Return 12% NPV of Project A Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -80000 -80,000 1 20000 17,857 2 24000 19,133 3 20000 14,236 4 27000 17,159 5 30000 17,023 NPV 5,407 NPV of Project B Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -80000 -80000 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 65000 41,309 5 75000 42,557 NPV 3,866 Calculation of Internal Rate of Return of each project For Project A: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 14.50% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 20000 17,467 2 24000 18,306 3 20000 13,323 4 27000 15,709 5 30000 15,244 Therefore, at 14.50% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (80,000). Hence IRR is 14.50% For Project B: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 13.15% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 65000 39,655 5 75000 40,438 Therefore, at 13.15% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (80,000). Hence IRR is 13.15% Various capital budgeting techniques includes : Sensitivity analysis- Sensitivity analysis is the tool which helps to determine the effect of change of independent factor on the dependent factors given different situations and assumptions. It is used keeping in mind certain limitations which are dependent on the input factors. One of the most common examples of sensitivity analysis is effect of changes in market interest rates on securities. The technique of sensitivity analysis helps to measure the responsiveness of one factor based on change in other. It helps to analyse the effect of decision making on one or more inputs. This helps to understand the behaviour of the factors by changing the model (Taylor, 2008). Example on Sensitivity analysis: Given a situation, we have Mr. A, who is a sales manager of a store; he wants to comprehend the effect of increase in customer base on the operating revenue. Based on findings and research Mr. A came to a conclusion that the sales are directly related to volume and product pricing, creating a function between all these factors. The product price was $50 per unit, and the sales volume achieved last year by Mr. A was 10,000 units, earning himself total revenue of $500000. Doing a little more study, Mr. A found out that an increase in customer base by 10 percent would help him increase the revenue by 3 percent. This whole situation is a great example of sensitivity analysis, of how on independent variable would affect a dependent one in the given scenario. With the help of available information, Mr. A can now calculate the expected increase in revenue by estimating the increase in customer base (Galbraith, Downey and Kates, 2002). Sensitivity analysis and Capital Budgeting The technique of sensitivity analysis helps to analyse the affect of various variables on the outcome of the project. This help the investor understand the effect of change in cash flows, interest rates and other variables on the outcome of the project. Capital budgeting is the way which helps the investor understands the viability of a given project. Sensitivity analysis helps them understand the volatility of change in outcome whenever any input variable is changed. Sensitivity analysis helps us understand the effect of change in one estimate or one assumption on the entire outcome of the capital budgeting technique. Therefore, we can say that sensitivity analysis helps double check the results of capital budgeting given different situations and assumptions (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Scenario Analysis : This analysis is a process of analyzing decisions by considering all the possible outcomes and is designed in such a way so as to see the consequences of an action under different set of factors. It involves determining the 'expected value' of an investment assuming specific changes in the key factors such as interest rates, etc after a particular period of time. For example, the difference in the investment's NPV due to variations in inflation. This is basically a 'what-if' analysis and determines the changes in the value of the portfolio based on happening of different scenarios. Scenarios created should be feasible enough to provide an accurate picture of the possible outcomes (Hassani, 2016). Basically, an analyst is required to determine the level of risk present within an investment. The most common approach out of various approcahes is called standard deviation of monthly or daily security returns and then, computation of the expected value of the portfolio if each security shows returns that are above or below the average returns by being two or three standard deviations. An analyst is required to assess the reasonable certainty at a particular period of time concerning the changes in the value of a portfolio. Now,it is important to distinguish scenario analysis from sensitivity analysis as often, these two are considered to be more or less same (Holland and Torregrosa, 2008). However, there is a sharp difference between both of them. Considering an example, suppose an equity analyst wants to analyze the effect of earnings per share (EPS) on company's valuation by using price to earnings (P/E) multiple technique and therefore, is required to conduct both sensitivity scenario analysis. Here, while conducting sensitivity analysis, variable price EPS affecting the valuation will be determined and then, all the possible outcomes are being recorded. However, when conducting scenario analysis, different outcomes are to be formed based on an scenario. For example, an analyst has to determine a certain scenario such as marketing crash or changes in regulations of the industry. Based on that, he uses different variables to suit that scenario. Keeping all these factors at one place, the analyst would be acquainted with range of outcomes, given all extremes and a clear picture of different outputs based on different set of inputs characterized by real life scenarios (Khan and Jain, 2014). Break Even Analysis : This analysis involves the determination of a point where the company's net income would be zero, that is, there is no profit no loss. This point refers to as 'breakeven point'. By definition, the company determines a point where it is generating enough revenue so as ti cover all the expenses incurred during an accounting period (Saltelli, Chan and Scott, 2008). It is to be stated over here that breakeven analysis is different from payback period as payback period is used to find the period in which the initial investment is to be paid back, while breakeven analysis is concerned with equalling of revenue and total costs with zero net income. This analysis analyzes the number of sales required to pay off the costs of doing that business. Now breakeven analysis involves two concepts where one is being viewed from accounting perspective and one from financial perspective (Saunders and Cornett, 2017). Financial breakeven analysis : An NPV breakeven occurs when the initial investments gets equal to the cash flows and NPV turns out to be zero. Thus, to determine a breakeven point, an analyst has to determine that level of sales where the NPV of the project comes out to be zero. Accounting breakeven analysis : Here, the breakeven happens when the total revenue equals total cost and there is neither loss nor income. This can be reached by computing the variable costs to sales ratio. For example, the ratio comes out to be 0.80, that means with every rupee of a sales of each unit, contribution is 0.20. Thus, the contribution margin ratio comes out as 0.20. And therefore, the breakeven point is calculated by (Palepu, Healy and Peek, 2016) : BEP = (Fixed Cost + depreciation) /Contribution Margin Ratio. Simulation Analysis : The term 'Simulation' refers to pretending of some action or more precisely, imitation. It makes use of statistical data so as to figure out the average outcome of a scenario based on complex multiple factors. The statistical distribution is being estimated for each input and simulation analysis is done to see the effect of changing inputs on the output. It is a dynamic analysis that considers the probabilities of changes or interactions among possible variables. This is used in various areas of business such as bond pricing (Phillips, 2014). It is designed in such a way to see the impact on the outcome on an average when there are possible changes in the inputs. Each potential factor is assigned a statistical or probability distribution that could change the results of an investment. For example, the default on bonds is being estimated to be 20%. Simulation analysis is useful for in depth understanding of the capital budgeting for enhancing the investment decisions. However, it is not able to handle uncertainties. Also, it aint a good remedy of all problems as significant inter relationships between different variables, if overlooked, would lead to misleading informations wrong results and decisions (Reilly and Brown, 2012). Conclusion This assignment has made me learn and know the importance of capital budgeting and its various techniques which are discussed here. Evaluation of risks, long term investments involves high considerable risk and are capital expenditures. This investments are huge in nature and therefore, once the decision is being made or amount is being invested, it is irreversible in nature. Therefore, capital budgeting is being used for proper planning. Choosing of Best course of action, capital budgeting helps a company to choose the best course of action that would yield the best possible returns (Fairhurst, 2015). Its main concern is to increase the shareholder's wealth and helps a company in achieving an edge in the market. Sustainability or Long Run of the business, capital budgeting believes in optimum results, that is, best maximum profits with minimum costs and best utilization of resources. Thus, it helps in avoiding under or over investments and thereby, helping in sustainability of an en tity in a long run perspective. References Berman, K., Knight, J. and Case, J. (n.d.).Financial intelligence for HR professionals. Bruner, R., Eades, K. and Schill, M. (2017).Case studies in finance. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Education. Clarke, R. and Clarke, R. (1990).Strategic financial management. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Fairhurst, D. (2015).Using Excel for Business Analysis A Guide to Financial Modelling Fundamenta. John Wiley Sons. Galbraith, J., Downey, D. and Kates, A. (2002).Designing dynamic organizations. New York: AMACOM. Hassani, B. (2016).Scenario analysis in risk management. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Holland, J. and Torregrosa, D. (2008).Capital budgeting. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office. Khan, M. and Jain, P. (2014).Financial management. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education. Palepu, K., Healy, P. and Peek, E. (2016).Business analysis and valuation. Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. Phillips, J. (2014).Capm / pmp. New York: McGraw Hill. Reilly, F. and Brown, K. (2012).Investment analysis portfolio management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Saltelli, A., Chan, K. and Scott, E. (2008).Sensitivity analysis. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M. (2017).Financial institutions management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2008).Financial management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Taylor, S. (2008).Modelling financial time series. New Jersey: World Scientific. TULSIAN, B. (2016).TULSIAN'S FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR CA-IPC (GROUP-I). [S.l.]: S CHAND CO LTD.

Women In Literature Essay Example For Students

Women In Literature Essay The changing role of women in literature from the late 8th century B. C. to the4th century A. D. is evident in that women become even more subservient in laterworks. This is portrayed in the works The Odyssey by Homer and Sakuntala byKalidasa. Women are treated more like slaves in Sakuntala, while they are seenmore like equals in The Odyssey. However, in Sakuntala, women are given moreresponsibilities, suggesting that people of the time viewed women capable ofdoing more things and perhaps more intelligent, instead of being seen asornamental, as in The Odyssey. The Odyssey was written in a time when men playedthe dominant role. In ancient Greece, women occupied a subservient position. We will write a custom essay on Women In Literature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Society was organized and directed by men, and all of the most importantpositions in society were held by men. Women were valued, but they participatedin the affairs of the world only when they had the permission or open approvalof the men who directed their lives. The literature of this time illustratesthese social conventions. No reader of The Odyssey can help having vividmemories of the poems outstanding female characters. There are many women inThe Odyssey and all of them contribute in meaningful ways to the development ofthe action. In addition, the poet treats them seriously and with respect, as ifthere were no difference between his attitude toward them and his feelingstoward the men. Among the memorable women in the poem are included: Nausica, theinnocent young girl; Arete, the wise queen and mother; Kirke and Kalypso, themysterious temptresses; Penelope, the model of devotion and fidelity; Helen, therespectable middle-class matron; and others, like Eurykleia and Melantho, wh ohave much smaller roles, but equally well defined personalities. Finally, thereis Athena, the goddess, who more than any other of these women, is intelligent,sophisticated, and independent, just like the way modern society has come to seewomen. The influential feminine roles in The Odyssey also have important effectsupon the whole poem. It is in The Odyssey that such ideas as love, familyloyalty, and devotion, and other such important ethical attitudes, areillustrated. It is the presence of these unconscious moral lessons that makesThe Odyssey so unique to its genre. In a way, The Odyssey is not just the taleof the wanderings of Odysseus. The poet has made it, also, into a sort ofcatalogue of women, in which he examines women of all kinds and fromall walks of life. These feminine portraits are almost always objective andfair; Homer never made judgments, and each of these women has a certain appeal. It is interesting, however, that the woman who is most worthy of respect andaffection is not a mortal. Homer seems to comment that no human being coulddevelop herself in this way. His admiration for Athena is made even more evidentby the fact that she, and not Penelope or another woman, is the heroine of thepoem and the sole companion and confidante of Odysseus. It is only in our modernworld that women have been given the opportunity to fully utilize their talentand ability, in order to become equal and contributing members of society, likeAthena seems to be. In Sakuntala women are portrayed to play more of asubservient role than they were in The Odyssey. Even though the women in TheOdyssey are looked upon merely as someone to cook and clean and bear thechildren, they play major roles in the poem. In Sakuntala the women play nomajor roles in the poem, at least not anything like the women played in TheOdyssey. Sakuntala herself plays a very demeaning role being forced to do allthe cho res, the gathering of food, and the manual labor around the house. Thisis much different than in The Odyssey where the man was the one who did most ofthe chores, brought home the food, and most of the manual labor about the house. .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .postImageUrl , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:hover , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:visited , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:active { border:0!important; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:active , .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737 .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6e40db3ecc9ee842b0376060d254737:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Myth Origins EssayIn ancient Greek times, women were seen as more delicate and placed figurativepedestals. They were expected to take care of the house, but this only includedmaking sure everything ran smoothly, and delegating chores and responsibilities. They were not actually expected to do the manual labor themselves. Some of theimportant women in Sakuntala include: Sakuntala, the lover of nature and theprospective heroine of the play; Anasuya and Priyamvada, aides of Sakuntala andwomen you help in her chores; and Mother Gautami the first hand maiden of fatherKanva and caregiver of Sakuntala. Even though they are seen as more subservientand have to perform more of the meaningless tasks they are still valued andloved. This is seen through the love that Dusyanta feels for Sakuntala and alsoin the despair he shows when he realizes he has turned her away. The changingrole of women in literature can be seen by reading and comparing Homers TheOdyssey and Kalidasas Sakuntala. The women in both works are highly valued themen close to them but not as much in society. Women can actually be seen asregressing instead of progressing in that they are made to seem more subservientin the later work. BibliographyHomer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. 1961, New York: Vintage-Random,1990. Kalidasa. Sakuntala. Trans. Barbara Stoler Miller.

Evil flaw in God or necessity for our sake an Example by

Evil: flaw in God or necessity for our sake? The question of why God allows evil is extremely difficult to answer if we ask it in terms of classical Christian theology. Indeed, if God is not only omniscient and omnipotent, but also the kindest in existence why does he allow evil and suffering? For the sake of argument, we shall accept the Christian position: that God takes an active position in humanitys lives, and that he, in his infinity, knows and cares about individual lives, not treats them as we would treat cells of our own body with care, but a disinterest in each individual cells life. Need essay sample on "Evil: flaw in God or necessity for our sake?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed There are a number of classical explanations to the phenomenon of evil in this context. One of them, expounded upon most by the renowned John Hick, is the so-called soul-making theodicy. It states that God created not slaves to live, not dolls, but children that evolve and children must be taught. As anyone who had to deal with children can tell you, there must be two ways of education: the whip and the candy, bitter and sweet. Only in balance they are effective. If we are not playthings to have fun with, but indeed Children of God, then we must go through all of the lessons we can. If we are Children, then we live through Gods own experience, to get closer to infinity with every one. In Christian theology, God allowed his son to partake of human pain and fear indeed, a mirroring process to what happened in the beginning, when God allowed humans to partake of his own worst qualities. When God created children, he gave them the ability to learn for what else could free will be? - a place to learn and grow, and the necessity to do so. Indeed, the best of circumstances to aid us in rising to his level. To be like God, to be above all of creation, even the angels, we must know all aspects of his existence including evil. How can evil exist in a perfect creature, for surely, perfection denies evil? In my humble opinion, to deny God evil would be to limit him. People always seem to forget for some reason that a truly infinite being would not only be the kindest in existence, but also the cruelest. God is infinity, he is beyond good and evil, he is beyond cruel and kind. He is always both. He is the spectrum itself, not any of its ends. He is the merging of opposites, something we, with our thoroughly dual perception, cannot comprehend. People have always wanted to place shackles on infinity, as on anything we cannot understand. Even in math we must work with limits to somehow appraise it, to use it. Yet, humanity fails in shackling infinity time and time again, because we are finite in ourselves, however we may try to go beyond our finiteness. We are attempting to bind reality with illusory chains, and are utterly unsuccessful, though we may at times amuse ourselves with false tales of victory. The ways of God are incomprehensible so goes the classical quote. Indeed, we can have no idea of what goes on within the mind of a sentient creature so far beyond us, however much we wish to. We have no idea what he might consider good or useful, or how he perceives things. If we take Christian theology, we can know for certain that he can think at the human level Jesus being proof but wherever did humankind get the idea that this human level is the most important? God is a creature with his own plans, and while they both concern us and with us, it is not necessary that the latter outweigh the former. Even if he cares for us more than for the rest of creation, we persist in our anger. Though we, in thinking logically a bit, know that evil that we perceive may be lesser, or not evil at all, when looked upon from the grander scale of things and if God is all-kind, he surely works to prevent evils that are too great for us to work with, as a student is given progressively tougher exercises. Yet, like a child from whom a too-dangerous toy may be taken away does not understand why the parents act as they do and is angry, so are we angry with a God who, by definition, knows better in his omniscience. We are not angry with him for saving us - but when he goes against the illusion we have built ourselves of him. As we can see, God has no reason to be kind. He is infinite, and he can be as cruel or kind as he wishes, as he is, in truth, beyond that or not infinite. He does not owe it to us to care about us. Yet, even if we presume that he cares about us, we can see that evil is absolutely necessary for our growth, for us to expand and learn more of both God and ourselves. And last, as a point to think about, does not Murphys Law state that something can always get worse? We have no idea what God is truly preventing from happening to us indeed, humans likely might have died out all too long ago. Yet we exist thanks to this great balance of duality, which is truly necessary for our ongoing life and evolution. End Notes John Hick's Official Web Site,August 5, 2005. The Three Initiates, The Kybalion,August 5, 2005.

Film Noir, Vincent Vincendeau essays

Film Noir, Vincent Vincendeau essays The theme of this French article is the French antecedents of film noir. Film noir is a term used to describe the large body of films in America in the period of 1941-58, generally they focus on urban crime and corruption, on sudden episodes of violence in a culture whos fabric seems to be unravelling. They crumble the American dreams most basic promices, of hope prosperity and safety from persecution. Film noir is a term given to films of the 40s and 50s in America by some French film critics translated as black film they were often based on crime fiction. The articles sarcastic title gives an impression of Ginette Vincendeaus appreciation of early French cinema and its links with film noir. In the article he discusses a study conducted by French critics of the mid 50s, Raymond Boyde and Etienne Chaumeton. In their book they dismiss the European influence on American film noir as feeble and the French as especially insignificant. Vincendeau suggests that their analysis is in some respects unarguable because French cinema on the whole is Realist unlike film noirs surreal styles. Visual motifs of dark, low key lighting Vincendeau states a less bias and more thoughrough look at the french cinema of the 1930s reveals strong intertextual links with American film noir, via film makers careers, filmic re-workings and more diffuse cultural references. Major contributors to film noir- Robert Siodmark, Fritz Lang, Billy wilder, Max Ophuls, Jaques Tourner and Chris Bernhardt had seen plenty of French films of the 1930s. They had been sent to France under the Nazi regime and film industry internationalion only ...

Competitor Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitor Analysis - Assignment Example The hotels compete for the common market with the Baldwin hotel by manipulating their service and product bouquets. Among their features of competitions are the seven Ps of marketing including price, product, place and profit among others. Established in 1998, the Powell hotel is a state of the art facility sitting at the heart of the city at the Union square. The vantage position gives the hotel unparalleled access to the shopping malls and centers in the city. Owing to this, the hotel is therefore a favorite for different tourists who visit the city to shop. The hotel has deluxe rooms among other comfort facilities to attract the affluent class. Located next to one of the greatest landmarks in the city the Chinatown dragon town, the Baldwin Hotel boasts high quality five star services ranging from deluxe rooms, customized cuisines and fully furnished conference facilities among many others. Additionally, the business operates with a robustness and dynamism that exhibits a competition conscious marketing and management departments. It has a steady market share that keeps it operational everyday but just as with any other business the hotel strives to expand its market by beating its competition in introducing new product and service categories. The hotel targets the middle class tourists who frequent the city from different regions. The provision of conference facilities is a new service that targets business organizations. Hotel Carlton another competitor in the city enjoys strategic position at the eastern entry of the city thus promising convenience to its customers. The hotel offers diverse services including car rental, bed and breakfast and conference facilities among others. It has deluxe rooms with luxurious facilities such as digital television, free internet, and hot bath among many others. The two hotels have a specific target market, most of their services are tailored for a typical tourist who seeks convince to

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Philosophy - Essay Example Therefore, we are certainly not planning to take the legislation lying down. There are also those who will manage to pay the extra tuition fee one way or the other, and will not be forced to leave college. But they too realize that this increase will result in wastage of talent and violation of merit. It will also reduce opportunities for young people and promote economic inequality in a society which is already haunted by its ill-effects (such as unsettling urban crime rates). Protests can be very effective as they can demonstrate clearly to lawmakers the unpopularity of certain legislation. They can perchance sway them, and force them to reconsider their allegiances. Protests and acts of civil disobedience are sure to swiftly put the issue in media spotlight, which will get it the attention that it deserves. Protests can provide an effective means of mobilizing public opinion for a particular cause, and can help earn support from a wide range of people. Nonviolent protests and acts of civil disobedience have been carried out for worthy causes in the past. I intend to participate in such activities to make myself heard, and draw attention to this pressing concern. Part 2 The realm of ethics (not unlike other branches of knowledge) is fraught with conundrums and complications. But ethical decision-making is a necessity.

MHE512 Disaster Relief Module 3 Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MHE512 Disaster Relief Module 3 Case - Essay Example Considerably, the importance of the mission of relief and recovery operations are practically given way through the application of common good and virtues culture in providing assistance. The value of common good directly implies a rather important sense of realization when it comes to providing help to those who need the assistance.2 The common good allows a better chance for the relief operations to be focused on matters that affect the majority of individuals who were victimized by the tragedies or natural calamities and be able to answer the call for the said need. Directly to, applying virtues in the process would provide the rescuers with the patience that they need to keep on pursuing the matters that the people they are helping really need and stop the deeper sense of discrimination among those who are being helped from the position of those assisting them. It is only through the application of common good and virtues culture of handling relief and recovery service to victims of calamities and disasters that the procedure of helping becomes directly effective and applicative in assisting those in need towards the instance of keeping a great chance of proving the victims with the attention that they need regardless of the differences that they may have against each other. Also, it should be noted that the application of... tivity makes it easier for the providers of service to keep their procedures in line with the law and the different guidelines that are carried on to assure that the victims' welfare are well attended to. Critically, these considerations assist every individual given the responsibility to provide relief the right position and motivation towards actually giving attention to the different approaches used to make it better for the victims to recover from the situations that they ought to grow out from later on to be able to move on in life. 2)In your opinion was the compensation to the victim's families fromthe 9-11 terrorist's attacks on America raised the expectations of a similar compensation to victims from other disasters. If you considered it ethical to provide compensation to the victims of 9-11 would you apply the same ethical approach to the victims of Hurricane Katrina If not, would you apply another ethical approach What about the victims of future major disasters The equalization of the procedures and budget when it comes to providing victims of calamities and tragedies around the different states in concern is a huge matter to be given attention to by the officials appointed for the directive considerations that need to be undergone to be able to help victims recover from the situations that they have been under. Why is this so Likely, the idea of keeping the victims supported for them to successfully recover from the situations that they have to ponder with comes with great ethical balancing of focused elements. This includes the balanced approach of relief and recovery service given to all the victims of such situations. For instance, those who have been under the 9/11 tragedy have been well compensated by the government due to the fact that the fatigue

An analysis of Process costing vs. job order costing

An analysis of Process costing vs. job order costing Introduction Management accounting uses several costing techniques. Costing techniques are very important to the business management because they help them make sound decisions for the company. They also help companies keep track of the costs that they incur in the production process. The techniques are mainly for internal use apart from absorption costing which is used by external users like the shareholders and the creditors. This paper analyses the process costing techniques and compares it with job order costing. It gives reasons as to why SAC Company should use job order costing rather than process costing (Bradford, 2008). Process Costing This is a costing technique that is used in finding costs in homogenous or products that are uniform. This technique makes averages of costs for all units to make per unit costs. Work in process account is used to track the process costs. Through this system, a continuous manufacturing process is used to produce identical goods (Bradford, 2008). Computation Procedures for Process Costing Manufacturing costs are accumulated for a period of time. It also works out the average costs of manufacturing. This being a continuous process, there is need for order (Bradford, 2008). The following are the steps that are followed in the calculation of manufacturing costs through process costing: Units physical flow: this is accounted for by the use of starting inventory, current or used inventory and the inventory at the end of the financial period. Production of equivalent units: the units that are equivalent during production are found by multiplying the units that are accounted for by the completion percentage for reach category of costs (Costing. (n.d.). Accounted for costs: these costs are identified during each production period for each cost category. They include the inventory at the starting of the period and the inventory used in the current production period. Per unit cost: for each equivalent unit poof production, costs are calculated through the division of the costs to be accounted for by the produced equivalent units. The allocation for each category of the cots is done for total costs that are to be accounted for. This is possible through the multiplication of the equivalent produced units and the cost per produced equivalent cost (Bradford, 2008). Methodology Process costing follows the following method in finding the total costs used in the production process. The two main methods used in process costing are weighted averages and FIFO methods. Weighted Average Method: The main method used is the use of weighted average to compute the costs of output. The average cost computed is comprised of is weighted average cost from both the opening inventory and the current inventory. The following steps are necessary: There is a physical flow of units since this weighted average method doesnt separate the staring inventory from the current and the closing inventory. This weighted average technique computes the units that are equivalent and it fails to separate the percentage of produced units in previous period from these units produced currently (Costing. (n.d.). Unit costs in the starting inventory are not separated from the unit costs for inventory incurred in the current period in the calculation of costs to be accounted for. To compute per equivalent unit cost, the total costs to be accounted for are divided by the equivalent total units of production. In the calculation of the cots to be accounted for total equivalent units accounted for, the weighted average method doesnt separate costs of starting inventory from costs of inventory in the current period (Costing. (n.d.). FIFO: this method, in computation of costs, separates costs for the current period from the costs of the starting inventory. The following steps are used: This method separates the current inventory from the inventory of previous period in the computation of continuous flow of units (Costing. (n.d.). The percentage of production units in the previous periods is separated from the percentage of units produced in the current period during the calculation of produced equivalent units. In the identification of the costs to be accounted for, the FIFO methodology separates the opening inventory units from the cost of eventual units that are added to the current period (Costing. (n.d.). In the calculation of per equivalent unit cost, this FIFO methodology divides the current accountable for units by the current produced equivalent. This method in the calculation of current costs that accounted for separates the costs that added to production in the current period from the costs of opening inventory. Application of Process Costing This costing technique is appropriately used when the products of manufacture are homogenous or they are identical. This methodology is differentiated from job order costing in the cost finding process. While job order costing is best used in the finding of per unit costs, this method finds the total average costs of production over a certain period of time (Bradford, 2008). Advantages of Process Costing This method has the following advantages; Process costing is best used for manufacturing industries that perform general manufacturing processing. Disadvantages of process costing This type of costing technique is not appropriate with those organizations that have jobs and batches. Job Order Costing This is a costing technique that accumulates costs for different types of jobs. The jobs are categorized into batches. For a batch to be considered as a separate job it has to be differentiated. If the batches are identical then process costing will have to be used. As per customers specifications, different individual jobs are produced. Job Order Costing Procedures There are accumulated costs for manufacturing for each separate job. This is done by the use of different ledger accounts. The procedures to be followed are as specified below; The process s initiated by the customer placing a sales order for the batch of products. The sales order is translated into a production order. This is followed by the ordering of the materials and the labor that sis to be used in the production of the batch. The materials are tracked for the batch (Bradford, 2008). The relevant manufacturing overhead for the job is done by the use of a rate that is predetermined. This is usually done per the hours of labor or per the hours that the machines work (Bradford, 2008). The work in progress account is changed to a control account and is thus not affected by the allocated manufacturing overheads. The spoilage that is abnormal (i.e. spoilage above the expected rates) is reclassified from the work in progress account the period costs. This makes it possible for the management to address the cost of abnormal spoilage (Bradford, 2008). The actual amounts of labor and material incurred are used by the accountant to charge the direct labor and materials to work in progress. The use of a job costing sheet is used to track these amounts of labor and material. This sheet is usually in a format that is computerized and each account has a subsidiary ledger (Bradford, 2008). Applications of Job Order Costing The application of job order costing is wide and varied. It is used by many companies in tracking costs. It is mainly used by the industries that produce and sell goods in batches. Unlike companies that do general manufacturing, this technique is effective in companies that manufacture products in batches (Bradford, 2008). Advantages of Job Order Costing This technique readily avails to the management the various cists in relation to the individual batches or jobs. Though this, an analysis can be made to show how and why the cost was incurred. The management gets to know the problems with the various allocations of costs and improve on it in future (Accountingformanagement, 2010). Though job costing, on going results that are for each job can be yielded. The costs incurred can be added even before the job is finished. This is helpful for the company since it enables the accounting staff of the company to access costs of jobs hence monitoring them. It enables the company to be in a position to analyze costs for longer jobs hence room for adjustment (Accountingformanagement, 2010). Disadvantages of job costing technique This costing technique is not relevant in some environments like the software industry which has no direct costs but many development costs. Job order costing will not be of help recording such costs. This costing technique has its main focus as primary products. Departments and activities are not dealt with. This is a problem because the management of a company is left with inadequate information (Accountingformanagement 2010). Application of Job Order Costing to SAC SAC has switched the mode of manufacturing goods. It now manufactures spark plugs. The company could get various purchase orders from different organizations and companies. These are sale orders that SAC can transform into batches and start processing the plugs. These form different jobs. It will be costly for SAC to continue using process costing because costs can not be traced to different costs or batches. Therefore I highly recommend SAC to use job process costing in its cost analysis because of the new mode of manufacturing spark plugs. Conclusion Management accounting uses various costing techniques to perform its tasks of costs analysis. Process costing and job order costing are two types of costing techniques that are have a similarity that they both analyze the costs that are incurred by the organization. Though these methods can be used to analyze costs, they differ in their approach to the analysis. Process costing uses both weighted average methods while job order uses the sale orders placed as batches or jobs for costs analysis. Also while process costing is good for companies that do general manufacturing, job costing is good for companies that manufacture based on batches.

Global Communications Essay

While thanking you for the opportunity provided to research on Toyota company, there are several issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable fact that, Toyota is marginally successful in these global trade times in spite of stiff competition. A great strength of the company exists in its innovative and exchange of technology. There are several internal problems for the company in production process, workforce and even in marketing of cars. Toyota company is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrant workers and small businesses which are developing each new day especially in U. S, which is being cashed in by Toyota company. However there are major concerns of global crude oil price which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warming and emission of greenhouse gases, CO2, vehicle pollution are some of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in order to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a synopsis for your perusal and information. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in manufacture of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office going and for other commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid growth by its successful brand Prius Hybrid vehicle. Many experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established â€Å"green image† in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not leave the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success. The problems are in various measures such as internal and external which the company’s management has to deal with. Although Toyota company is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which reflect in fall of sales. Particularly with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, innovation of technology and exchange of technology. However, with the emerge of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, employment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists within the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require proper identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company. Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to Toyota company, which discourages customers to purchase petrol or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in less emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, Thanks indeed for the good opportunity to research on General Motors. It was a knowledgeable experience in finding some key facts about the company. General Motors is truly facing a halted position in U. S market and is doing very well outside U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be good at all times with the fact that â€Å"one does not lose battle on one’s own ground† . Have stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with immediate effect and mode of change in operational methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with huge and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an acceptable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and due to changing times of global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another fact that losing U. S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. GM luxury cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other models of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost effective pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have always retained a unique identity in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus. In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to prevent loss of consumer market in North America with the fact that North America has a huge market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors while pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market. With an apparent fact of severe battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by cutting 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to company’s record of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. â€Å"GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret Project 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at large auto malls,† (Horvath). Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to the synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a financial crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM branded cars are mostly in want. (b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet every demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that branded cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are available in the market at low cost. The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to watch this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies. References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid Growth has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http://www. glgroup. com/News/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. html Should President Bush be focused on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http://hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ Books Cornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of Technology And Innovation in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http://books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8C&pg=PR22&lpg=PR19&dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutions&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM: Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http://ezinearticles. com/? GM:-Solutions-For-Effective-Change&id=152642 General Motors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist: Insider provides answer in New Book ‘Project 2000’

How Societies Depend on Computers Essay

In the 21st Century, the society that we live in has become highly dependent upon computers. The computers have increased the efficiency of the human resource by many times. It not only saves the society from a lot of work, but also acts as a source of entertainment. It is not only helping professionals in their office work but also helping children in their initial development. Businesses have reduced their requirements of human resource as they have adopted the computers in their processes. Teachers and professors use computers today to aid in their lectures and activities with the students. The students are highly dependent upon the computers as they study online, word process their assignments, print their documents, study from e-books and search for anything that they do not understand in the lectures. The professionals in the workplace use computers to manage their work, to make schedules, take notes, for accounting practices and for getting assisted in decision making. Many corporations have implemented systems using computers as an alternative to the human resource. Systems such as Enterprise Resource Systems (ERPs), Customer Relationship Systems (CRMs) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) help the top level management as well as the lower level staff to engage in best practices. Through these systems, the corporations reduce their costs, reduce inventory holding and get rid of excessive labor. The use of computers is not limited to the business today as governments have also started to incorporate computer systems in every aspect of public systems. Computers help monitor the traffic and manage the traffic through traffic signal lights and fines system. The computers have made it into the kitchens of households as they control the microwave heaters, fridge, freezers etc. The computers are also now everyone’s pockets these days as smart phones are getting common and cheaper day by day. The traditional mails are replaced 95% by e-mails, which are free, and the access to internet has also enabled many other services. Computers are also replacing televisions in many homes as they include DVD players and are less costly. The general-purpose attribute of the computers are making them everyone’s favorite. Everyone has some or the other use of computer daily. The banks are shifted to computers and internet banking has thrived. Where the computers are helping so much, they are also causing a lot of distress for many people and pain. Internet has made hacking easier for the hackers with the criminal intent. These hackers can erase important data and cause losses over millions. The popularity of computers has also brought with it the popularity of porn over the internet. There is no one who can stop children of illegal age to watch porn over the internet. Some say that the new generation is getting spoiled because of the access to the internet and computers at home and at schools. With the advent of computers, the privacy of the people has been stolen from them as anyone anywhere can take photographs from digital cameras and make videos. However, the society would still have suffered if there were no computers. We would still be living in the middle ages if the use of computers would not have flourished in the society. It would not have been possible to have a video chat with your relative living in another continent for free if the computers would not have been invented.

How to Write a Perfect Admin Assistant Cover Letter (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Admin Assistant Cover Letter (Examples Included) Here at TheJobNetwork, we talk a lot about how to build the perfect resume- after all, it’s your chance to show a potential employer who you are, what you do, and what you will do for them. But although the cover letter has become somewhat controversial in recent years, with the advent of digital hiring tools and job application apps, it’s an element that you should be able to knock out of the park when you need it.For admin assistants, the cover letter can be a useful way to personalize your resume and packaging for the job to which you’re applying. Having been there, I know the pluses and minuses of having versatile admin experience- sure, you’ve got flexible skills that you can take pretty much everywhere. but when you’re trying to frame yourself as a unique candidate, how do you take those universal admin skills and experience and make them fit the exact job you want?First, let’s start with the basics of a good cover letter.Necessity #1: An Appropriate AddresseeIf you have a direct name (hiring manager, recruiter, etc.), all the better- make sure the opener is polite and personalized. If you don’t have a specific name, you can still personalize it to the company.For example:Dear Ms. Perkins,  Hello Ms. Perkins,  Greetings Ms. Perkins,  Dear Techedge Industries Team,You need to strike the right balance between conversational and formal. Definitely don’t go too casual. The fact that you’re likely submitting these online, or writing an email, can lead to a false sense of familiarity with the person.Bad examples:Hey Phyllis,  Phyllis Perkins,  Hello:  To Whom it May Concern:All of these greetings are either too casual, or too vague. â€Å"To Whom it May Concern† is the cover letter equivalent of getting mail addressed to â€Å"occupant†: chances are it’s going to be passed on without reading. It suggests that the cover letter writer is applying indiscriminately. that might not be the case (you might just be covering for the fact that you don’t have a specific contact person), but they don’t know that). it’s important to be as clear and direct as possible in your cover letter.Necessity #2: Your NarrativeThe whole point of your cover letter is adding context to you, and your resume. On your resume, you have limited space, and the priority goes to potent, high-quality bullet points to illustrate your skills and experience. The cover letter is your chance to craft the larger story of your career, and why you would be a good fit for this job in particular.For example:As an experienced administrative assistant and a lifelong home baker, I am thrilled to be applying for this position with Gina’s homemade cookie company. Ive worked in companies that are large, small, and somewhere in between, and have found that my skills fit best in a small, close-knit company like Gina’s. I have experience implementing new systems t hat improve  record keeping  and office efficiency, and with working as part of a team coordinating complex schedules and details while making sure everything gets done on time.Bad example:I am applying for a job at Gina’s homemade cookie company. Please see my attached resume, and let me know if you have any questions.In the good example, the applicant shows that she’s done her research on Gina’s homemade cookie company (company size, general culture), and is showing how she might fit well in that (as a baking enthusiast and experienced admin). The writer doesn’t necessarily go into her life history, but picks highlights that dovetail well with the job description. It also gives the reader a preview of the kinds of experience to expect in the resume.In the bad example, the cover letter body says nothing about the writer and does nothing to supplement the resume. It’s just an unnecessary attachment.Necessity #3: A Strong FinishAlways have a clo sing paragraph that restates the highlights (why you’re a good fit) and leaves room for follow-up.For example:I would love to have the opportunity to join your team and look forward to hearing more about this opening. My skills and experience as an admin (and a cookie enthusiast) would be a great fit as an administrative assistant in your company. please don’t hesitate to contact me if there’s any other information I can provide.Bad example:Please let me know more about this job opening.In these examples, one writer reminds the reader why she is a good fit; the other writer puts the onus on the reader to give more information about the job itself and says nothing about herself in the meantime. You want to make sure you’re aligning yourself with the job in the reader’s mind, and this is your last chance to do so before they read your resume.Necessity #4: Clean FormattingLike with your resume, you want your cover letter to be clear and easy to read. That means:A standard font.  This is not the time to test out â€Å"fun† fonts. Pick something clean and basic, like times.No huge blocks of text.  In a letter, unbroken paragraphs can look like the ramblings of a manifesto. You want your reader to see a series of separate, elegantly outlined points.Short Length.  A cover letter should never be more than a page, and even a full page is definitely pushing it. Brevity is the soul of wit and the friend of application readers everywhere.For example:My attached resume goes into more detail about my daily job duties and achievements during my tenure as an administrative assistant at two companies. My experience managing complex schedules, overseeing busy offices, and leading junior staff would be an asset to this role.I would love to have to opportunity to join the team at Gina’s homemade cookies, and bring my expertise in managing day-to-day office processes to your company. I believe I can meet and exceed the expecta tions you have for this role, and I look forward to speaking more with you about my application. Feel free to contact me at any time.Bad example:My attached resume goes into more detail about my daily job duties and achievements during my tenure as an administrative assistant at two companies. My experience managing complex schedules, overseeing busy offices, and leading junior staff would be an asset to this role. I would love to have to opportunity to join the team at Gina’s homemade cookies and bring my expertise in managing day-to-day office processes to your company. I believe I can meet and exceed the expectations you have for this role, and I look forward to speaking more with you about my application. Feel free to contact me at any time.That’s a lot to cram into one paragraph. Crafting shorter, punchier paragraphs can help you focus your letter on the points you want the reader to notice, and keep it visually appealing as well.After that closing pitch, all you have left is the closing. Like with the opening address, it should be simple and polite. Not too flowery (â€Å"kindest warmest regards, dear recruiter† is†¦unnecessary.For example:Best wishes,Sincerely,Bad examples:Thanks.Fondest wishes,[name- no greeting]Please hit me back,  And after that, you’re done! Well, except for the resume, the interview, and the negotiation. But your cover letter is in the books, and you have been introduced to your possible future employer.Let’s take a last look at the sample cover letter as a whole:Dear Ms. Perkins,As an experienced administrative assistant and a lifelong home baker, I am thrilled to be applying for this position with gina’s homemade cookie company. Ive worked in companies that are large, small, and somewhere in between, and have found that my skills fit best in a small, close-knit company like Gina’s. I have experience implementing new systems that improve record keeping and office efficiency, and with working as part of a team coordinating complex schedules and details while making sure everything gets done on time.My attached resume goes into more detail about my daily job duties and achievements during my tenure as an administrative assistant at two companies. My experience managing complex schedules, overseeing busy offices, and leading junior staff would be an asset to this role.I would love to have to opportunity to join the team at Gina’s homemade cookie and bring my expertise in managing day-to-day office processes to your company. I believe I can meet and exceed the expectations you have for this role, and I look forward to speaking more with you about my application. Feel free to contact me at any time.Sincerely,Francine WatersShort, to-the-point, informative, appropriate: now thats a letter that shows what a good admin assistant francine would be!Looking for an administrative assistant job? TheJobNetwork has you covered! Search admin assistant jobs  in your city:  hundreds of jobs in many fields await!

Boys and Girls Comparative Ess essays

Boys and Girls Comparative Ess essays The movie remake of Alice Munros short story Boys and Girls fails to represent the authors intention; in comparison to the short story. The movie eliminates crucial events, which enables the audience to have impression of what the girl is feeling and show sympathy for her. As a result of eliminating the scene in which the horse is getting killed; the audience is unaware of how the girl copes and is affected by the situation. It was stated in the story that for the girl to be able to go to sleep; she would imagine herself as a different person, a heroine. These stories were deleted in the movie therefore we are unaware of what she think and hopes for. There is also a big contrast in relationships in both versions. In the movie the girls mother continuously supports and defends her against her grandmothers constant bickering; where as in the story all of the girls resentment was directed towards her mother. The relationship between the girl and her father was also falsely represented i n the movie. He seemed overly excited when Laird assisted in the recapturing the horse; therefore she showed resentment towards her brother and especially her father. The ending of the movie version is extremely different from the original story and shies away from authors intentions. In the closing scene of the movie; the girl is sitting in a truck and says, Theyll never catch me. This is in reference to how the caught Flora and killed The movie does not give the audience very closure because it can be interpreted in very many different ways; where as in the story the ending is very abrupt and concise. There are many different interpretations taken by both versions of the story boys and girls. Unfortunately the movie seems to shy away from the authors original objective. ...

Globalization and Ethnicity in the United Kingdom Essay

Globalization and Ethnicity in the United Kingdom - Essay Example The effect of globalization-led migration is the growing diversity of any given state and the heightened pressure of supporting and fairly representing the interest of a state’s citizen living abroad. On the other side, globalization has resulted in some of the societies that exist as enclaves within the boundaries of a given state to champion for their independence, secession, and right to govern themselves. Prior to the World Wars, the United Kingdom was the most dominant nation on earth and the superpower of the nineteenth century. The UK had engaged in colonial conquest in various parts of the globe. Having been the major power in the nineteenth century, Britain had occupied many parts of the world spreading their language and culture. In contemporary world setting, immigration to the United Kingdom has been tremendous with many people especially from third world countries and former colonies making the highest numbers of immigrants. Many third world countries have been af fected by political turmoil at one time in their history, resulting in political asylum and influx of refugees into the UK (Beck 2000). Â  Former British colonies like India, Pakistan, Nigeria, and South Africa among many others form the largest numbers of refugees and political asylum individuals living in the UK. Between 1991 and 2001, about half of the population increase in the UK was a result of the presence of immigrants born outside the UK. The UK thus has a very high number of immigrants who constitute the general population (Delanty 2008). Most of these people are not the UK born and some have spent the most part of their childhood in other countries and some even adulthood. Culture is dynamic, and culture in most cases dictates individuals’ behavior and ways of life.

The Role of the Piligimage of Grace in the Henrican Reformation Essay

The Role of the Piligimage of Grace in the Henrican Reformation - Essay Example The consequence of the separation from the Catholic Church was the birth of the Protestant denomination. This change was not without challenge however, and in 1536 an uprising of more than 40,000 insurgents in Yorkshire. This uprising, known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, was the largest that the King had faced and as a consequence he was forced to respond to it carefully, resulting in the Pilgrimage having a significant role in the Henrican Reformation. The Pilgrimage of Grace The title the Pilgrimage of Grace is used to refer to one of two things. First, it can refer to the series of revolts that occurred between 1936 and 1937. The revolts are well-documented and were rebellions against Henry VIII and his rule, specifically the dissolution of monasteries and charities. From October to December of 1536 there was a revolt specifically titled the Pilgrimage of Grace which bore a banner with the five wounds of Christ. Technically, the term Pilgrimage of Grace only refers to the second exa mple, but the use of the term to refer to the general revolts of the period is common. In the Yorkshire uprising, lawyer Robert Aske organised and led the men, with the aim of making the uprising appear more legitimate and encouraging other nobles to join. The aim of Aske and many of the other insurgents was to get the King to reconsider the way in which he was handling the country. Specifically, the nobles of the company presented a document that the King was to see, which contained 24 articles, which were religious, economical, social and political. They agreed to dissolve the revolt, if their demands were considered in a parliament and they were pardoned for their role . The pilgrimage was a significant threat to the King. Not only were his own men significantly outnumbered, but he was limited in who he could use to fight the insurgents for fear that any local soldiers that were hired would join the cause. An additional source of concern was that Henry VIII was not able to call o n the nobles for support, as he would normally have, because the nobles were part of the uprising. The promised pardon was never given, and instead Henry VIII heavily prosecuted those who were involved in the rebellion. Effect on the Henrican Reformation The reformation was already well underway by the time that the revolts began. The causes for the revolts are often assumed to be of economic basis, or as a result of conflict occurring between the nobles and the common people. An alternative proposal is that the revolts were essentially religious in nature, spurred on by members of the clergy in the North. Throughout England, but especially in the North, the church was a very important part of the community. The reforms that Henry VIII was instigating represented a large threat to these values . The Pilgrimage was for the most part ineffective at its goals, England did not return to the Catholic Church but instead pressed on towards Protestantism, and the dissolution of monasteries and churches continued. The articles that the insurgents presented to the King were largely ignored, and despite the promise of a pardon, those that played a role in the revolts were prosecuted heavily and often

Dr Zhivago And Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dr Zhivago And Political Ideologies - Essay Example The movie encompasses the entire situation by concentrating upon the activities and condition of general public, which had witnessed tremendous changes in social, financial and cultural scenario of their country. The revolution had actually been organized against the prevailing social discrimination, injustices and inequalities in the Tsarist imperialist Russian political structure, which had given birth to the exploitation of haves-not or suppressed classes at the hands of haves or elite stratum. â€Å"For centuries, autocratic and repressive czarist regimes ruled the country and most of the population lived under severe economic and social conditions. Consequently, movements for overthrowing the oppressive government were staged at different times by students, workers, peasants, and members of the nobility.† (emayzine.com) Somehow, failure of these efforts added to popular discontent with the government’s corruption and inefficiency. In 1917 these events resulted in t he fall of the czarist government and the establishment of the Bolshevik Party, which would bestow respectable place upon workers and peasants, according to the expectations of the people. Anarchy, Chaos and Revolution: Though the revolution had brought the glad tidings regarding the implementation of the noble principles of social justice and equality, in the aftermath of the fall of age-old Tsarist imperialism, yet it failed to exhibit freedom and justice according to the high hopes established by the Russian subjects. Consequently, civil war broke out in the country, between the pro-Tsar White Army, liberals, reactionaries and land owners on the one hand, and the farmers, peasants, students, revolutionists and Bolshevik Red Army led by the Leninist-socialists on the other, turning the country into a sorry state of affairs. The movie successfully draws out the turmoil, anarchy and disturbance the people underwent at the outbreak of civil war, which laid indelible impact on the pol itical and social scenario of the country. Additionally, the civil war created unrest and chaos by destabilizing the economic activities of the masses. Thus, the movie under-analysis accurately reflects the entire socio-cultural scenario of the Soviet Russia during and after the war, which ended in the success of the Red Army and imposition of Socialist doctrine in its true spirit subsequently. The movie also throws light on the negative aspects of socialism, which had not been taken into consideration before the establishment of very first socialist governmental system in any part of the globe. The movie reveals the affects of revolution and civil war on the socioeconomic condition of the general public, the position of whom appears to become more and more miserable and pathetic because of the social evils and curses including corruption, nepotism, favoritism, embezzlement of public treasure and misuse of power, adopted by the socialists in the prestigious name of revolution. The e ntire social establishment brought uncertainty and insecurity, and thus paved the way towards the restlessness and disorder in the everyday life of the Russian people at large. The writer looks ridiculing over the u-turn taken by the Bolsheviks as soon as they are at the helm of the government. The film shows how the Bolshevik leaders and workers used to support individual freedom

Pay Equity- Statistics, Legislations and Why Women Worn in Low - Paid Jobs Essay Example for Free

Pay Equity- Statistics, Legislations and Why Women Worn in Low Paid Jobs Essay Men and Women should not be called the opposite sexes, instead referred to as complimentary sexes. The sexes should be treated equally in every aspect, one of which is in the pay they receive. The sexes should receive equal wages for equal work. It should be more about ‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his need’. Statistics show that men are paid more than women for the same work. One may think if women are really paid less, why would anyone hire a man? Put another way, would not a company full of men will soon be put out of job by a company which hired only women. The truth is that the pay gap can be attributed to large scale discrimination against women. Men who earn more most often do so because of their gender. To get higher pay, men are more likely to enter higher-paying fields, perform riskier tasks and take positions with less stability which explains the fact that only 26% of all miners are women. To tackle this problem of unequal pay, various movements have risen in the recent times ensuring pay equity. In Canada, the purpose of the Pay Equity Act is to achieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities. Though massive strides have been undertaken in the past for pay equity, the true scenario of pay equity has not been achieved as there is wage disparity in various jobs undertaken by women including unequal pay in the field of sports, and why women tend to work at low paid jobs. There is pay inequity almost in any profession undertaken by women. Men earn significantly more than women despite the existence of the Pay Equity Act. During the time when Baby Boomers were joining the workforce, women earned 59 cents to the dollar till the 1980s where the wage gap was narrowed by just 15 cents to just 74 cents to the dollar. Back then, the pay equity legislations never confirmed women equal pay as the men; they just gave the women the hope that women could raise their voice against unjust treatment by their employers. The Pay Equity Act of 1963 supported women who were employed in the public sector and thereby, offering no security to the ones employed in the private sector. In 2002, the median wages of women who worked full-time year-round were 76. 2 percent of men’s (Werschkul 13). In other words, women earned about 76 cents for every dollar earned by men. To reduce the wage disparities, pay equity legislation prohibits wage discrimination where employees are responsible for equal work. The goal of the legislation is to achieve the ideal balance between financial comfort, professional fulfillment and personal happiness for each women employee. Certain factors are a hindrance in the achievement of this dream. One reason why women earn less because women in the workforce are less likely to work a full-time schedule and are more likely to leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men. These differing work patterns lead to an even larger earnings gap between men and women suggesting that working women are penalized for their dual roles as wage earners and those who disproportionately care for home and family. Recent figures convey a better story. Working women today are paid an average of 80 cents for every dollar that men are paid, even when accounting for factors such as occupation, industry, race, marital status and job tenure. There are more than 80 fields in which women earn more than men, but some are too small to be statistically significant. Of which, there are only 40 fields in which women earn less than 5% more than their male counterparts. These positions include counter attendants in cafeterias, food preparation workers, waitresses and service station attendants to name a few. It has been argued that women earn less because they are not as qualified as their male counterparts. However women in the same positions as the men still earn less. For instance, women lawyers earn just 87% of their male counterparts (Farrell 8). In the medical field, physicians and surgeons earn just 59% of pay compared to male physicians and surgeons. Women and men employed in these fields are equally qualified as they would not be a certified physician without same qualifications. Despite similar qualifications, women still earn less. Pay inequity runs rampant in the sport world too. Professional sport continues to provide unequal pay to women. Paying men more for the same sport gives women in the sport less incentive to push themselves. As a result, it also discourages future female participation in the sport. Women athletes in the sport receive minuscule recognition and fewer rewards compared to their male counterparts. For example, for finishing in third place in the 2003 Women’s World Cup, each U. S. women’s national soccer team member was awarded $25,000. They would have received $58,000 if they had won the Cup. For reaching the quarterfinal of the World Cup in 2002, the U.  S. men’s national soccer team members received $200,000 each. To speak about Tennis, Wimbledon offered greater prize money to the male athletes till 2007. These discrepancies occur because of certain misconceptions. One misconception is that woman’s competitions are not as exciting compared to ‘masculine’ events for instance men perform riskier tricks, hit a tennis ball harder. Women should be compared to other women, not to men. There is a bias that women are not physically strong as the men but women perform to the best of their physical abilities. They would perform the same with a fluctuating pay. Athletes are driven by the passion for the sport, not for the money it offers. Another misapprehension is that women should not receive the same prize money as they are unable to bring the sponsorships and viewership compared to men. Women’s events are not publicized or advertised as much as compared to men’s events. Therefore it will be unfair to say they are unable to draw attention from the public. If the womens events are not included in the telecast, it is misleading to argue that mens events receive higher ratings. Another delusion is that men’s competitions go on for a longer time, include more games and thus men should receive more income. This assumption is flawed as length of the competition should not matter. Star athletes are the ones who draw the crowd. Women have the same capability like the men to draw crowds. The issue of pay inequity goes beyond the issue of money. This issue extends beyond the playing field. When girls grow up seeing celebrated women athletes receiving less than their male counterparts, they are forced to believe it is okay for them to compromise. This acceptable value is not an accepted one. Majority of women tend to be employed in low-paid jobs. In large corporate companies, there is a bias that women are better in the human resource field than in any other field. It is a stereotypical image of women being more cooperative, collaborative and intuitive than men. The CEOs of any company come from the manufacturing, marketing and operations department, not from the human resource department. The talented women are working in the human resources.